Agnieszka Latawiec and Aline Rodrigues are the authors of the chapter “Ecosystem services availability after changes in the land use and vegetation coverage: the case of Paraíba do Sul river valley”, from the book Geography of coffee in the Paraíba do Sul River Valley. The work presents reflections, studies and proposals for revitalization and sustainability for the Paraíba valley region, traversing the history of the coffee passage through the Paraíba River Valley and showing both the geographic and historical environmental view as well as the ecological and social costs incurred in the period.